Tuesday, January 04, 2011

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136 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
Object with round ground and central one
Hole (funnel?) (fig. 100.10), three metacarNti
from the sheep with Durchbohrungen in
distalen end (fig. 100,3-5), Reibkugeln
(Fig. 100.2) as well as fragments of cup feet,
the secondarily train grindings as a Spinnwirtel
were used (fig. 100,6-8).
Pnnroos Ilqn\res \|Ia-c
In cut SI one became in this time
Fortress wall invested, on one
0,50-1,00-m-thick Planierschicht founded,
it covered the older architecture
and probably as a foundation base for
the connection served (fig. 78, $) 176.
The external fortress wall existed alternating
from situations of clay bricks
(45x27 x 10 cm) and Stampflehm (fig. 77;
78.44; 101, A14.844; 102, A41). She was in theirs
Base approx. \, 20 m, in the crown still
0.90 m thick and from two rows to each other
of moved loopholes durchbroclaen
(Fig. 77).Die upper row owned base openings
from approx. 25 cm, to itself after
on top there on approx. 77 cn narrowed. Their height
amounted to on an average 75 cm and of her
Distance between the Öfftt.tt g.t approx.
1.00 m. The lower loopholes, in each case
concentric to the upper ones put, showed one
nevertheless, similar form on, are higher (approx.
1.00 m). They placed on an average 40 cm
deeper in than that of the upper row. In
Cross section was found with all loopholes
inside seen one approx. 20 cm deep
Segment, where top and underside roughly
waagrecht ran, fell then
the underside at an angle down from
(Abb.77). The outside of the wall was
carefully with loam verpwtztrTT. To one
later time, to itself no more exactly
allows to determine, became the loopholes
intentionally with yellow, straw-moved
Mucky lumps closed. In that
the first phase of the fortress (Karnab \IIa)
(Fig. 101, A55a; 102.8) one ran knows plastered
More poorly (B 0.50 m) in north south direction
from the outside connection till this
South profile. Inside of the eastern building
was, directly to the outside wall
tilled, one 0,85-0,90-m-wide and
0.65-m-high platform from clay bricks
(Fig. 101, A45a). About 2.20 N to the south of it
peep the second east west straightened ones
Clay brick wall (B 0.95 m), also
was plastered (fig. 101, A45a). The eastern one
Space owned a Stampflehmfi "rßboden
(Fig. 101, A47), on in the northern part
two level, round hollows from white to plastered one,
to pure loam were constructed (documents
for meal stones?) (fig. 101, A94a B).
A Klopfstein, in rested on the eastern ones
North-east edge of the others square
Clay brick. A little bit southwest from that
Space middle a shifted meal stone was found.
One belonged to this period further
Stampflehmfußboden in west half
Of cut (fig. 101, A60). The northwest one
Corner and the beginning of the fortress wall
(Fig. 101, A671 @Is small rest in the Erosionskante
receive) were from a fireplace
red burnt. From this burn mark
if an at first 0.70-m-wide stretched, then
narrow growing volume of green tone
approx. another 2.40 nt after the south.
In the middle functional phase (Karnab\
4b) of the fortress (fig. 101.8) it was
The north south running Stampflehmmauer
in the connection with the connection 0,55-
0.58 m thick, about approx. 1 m farther to the south on
to decrease a width of 0,20-0,30 m,
with them just till the south profile
ran (fig. 101,855b).In insides of the eastern one
Of space there was the second platform,
again from 1-m width and from
To clay bricks builds (fig. 101,845b1. Two
Metre to the south of it divided an other one
Taf. 113,1-3 (Zatepa, 1.-4. 1H. A.D.); Novikov in 1996, Taf. 4,2-4 (Zar-Tepe, l.-4 cent. A.D., in the text - 5.27 -
already since the Sako-Yüeh-ChiZeit).
t7u Si.h. especially to Fundamentierungen Hn, tlces 1966,222ft17
To, Ennvicklune of fortress constructions in Central Asia during the antiquity and del early-medieval time
see Boponnua in 1964; franc fort in 1979; Pougatchenkova in 1986; Chichkina in 1986; Kochelenko in 1986; Myxar're 4
x (aHoB among other things in 1988, 77 following; Ceuenoe in 1996. The best analogies to Karnab, also in regard to form and cross section
of cler loopholes, come from 5. Cent. A.D. and later (in particular Boporruua in 1964;
Myxaue4xcaHoB among other things in 1988; Ceueuoe in 1996). To early-medieval architecture in Central Asia see also
in general Hntr'cerr in 1966.
Settlement-archaeological researches rm
East west running clay brick wall (brick format
75x29x 13 cm) (fig. 101,846b)
the space to the east. The floor (fig.
101,851) existed again of rammed one
A court area connected to the west loam
(Fig. 101,863).
About that there lay the last preserved construction phase
(Karnab\4c) derFestung (fig. 102,444).
At the western, internal end of the fortress wall
if a Stampflehmmauer shut
(B 0,25-0,60 m) in Nord-Süd-Ausrichtuns
in, 2.20 m to the south of the beginning one
Crease to the west aufivies, around next
about 0.20 m to the west moves and
now in a steady thickness
to run from 0.55 m up to the south profile
(Fig. 102, A55c). In the resulted one thereby
eastern space was immediately
in the inside of the fortress wall one
Strengthening or platform of 1.00 m
The width which also establishes from clay bricks
was (fig. 102, A45c). The floor
of the eastern space existed of rammed one
Loam without other installations (fig.
102, A53), but with some verstürzten
To clay bricks on it (fig. 102, A54). To the west
the Stampflehmmauer we put one
Celebration horizon without special ones
Floor (court area) firmly (fig. 102, A66).
In the south edge of cut SI the ground interfered
a pit (fig. 102, A81) from period
Karnab \4II the surface.
In cut SII let itself a similar three-phase
Cultivation pursue. In the oldest ones
Phase of this complex of buildings (I (atnab
\4a) ran in the eastern side of the excavation surface
(Erosionskante of the Tells) one
More poorly from mucky blocks (approx. 80x70cm),
To clay bricks (20x20x9 cm) and Stampflehm178,
their eastern side already partially
aberodiert and their west side plasters
was (fig. 103,102.105). To the north end
of this wall 0,20-0,30 m shut
thick, hard Kiesschüttung in (fig. 103.33).
The rest of another clay brick wall
(Brick format 30 x 15 x B cm) became 4.40 Rn
to the west of the east wall and in parallel with this
in the north south arm of cut SII ascertained
(Fig. 103,106). About 0.40 m farther
to the west here lay a round meal stone. Approx.
Sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Öangali 137
3 m to the north of the south profile one ran
Clay brick wall (brick format 45x22x
12 cm) at right angles to the east wall in the east
West direction (fig. 103.80). The both
Walls did not collide directly,
but between them one found itself
Gap of 5-15-cm width, however
on the north side as well as on the south side of her
East west wall was plastered. In the resulted one
southern space was from the inside
here a clay brick wall (brick format
40x30x14cm) from 2.00-m length to them
East wall and about the plaster the east and
North wall tilled and again plasters
become (fig. 103,103), and this
Cleaning layer also above the north face resumed
became. Further to the south followed in
0.70 m of distance still another rest one
Clay brick wall, on a length from
0.40 m it was grasped. The resulted interruption
(Niche) of 0.70-m width
and 0.35-m depth was eastern by them
Stampflehmmauer (fig. 103, 102) closed.
To the west of the north-east corner
Of south space, in a distance of 10 cm,
if a clay brick (32x17x8 cm) stood on end
by the north wall. In it shut
again to the west a small Plattforrn
(Of 0,70x0,24lr') from loam with multiple ones
Cleaning layers in. Also the north face pointed
several situations of plastered on. In the south space
was about 0.80 m to the south of her
small platform in the middle of the Raunres
a fireplace on the mucky screed
(Fig. 103.39), in the north, the east and
The west in each case by a clay brick limits
and with Asch-e and charcoal gefullt
was (fig. 103,104). Ostlich besides lay this
round drag of a hand mill in eirrer
loose cinder layer. On the upper top
of the mill we bumped in the southwest corner
of this cut. In the cinder layer,
itself from the fireplace to the east to
to the wall moved, became two Spinnwirtel
discovers. To the south of the fireplace lay
the third Spinnwirtel, and several vessels
had broken on the screed.
The northern space remained to the north
there openly and had no distinctive one
Screed, but only one Lauftrorit?
* Zr, d.n to different construction kinds of mucky walls see Hu, tr, cen 1,566,224following
138 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
zont (fig. 103,37.40-41). Ewa in the middle
of the north space the part of a vessel was found,
i.n situ had broken, and near
of the south wall two lay next crushed
Vascular parts in situ. Later everybody was able to do three
Parts to a pot drag compound
become. Other installations existed
in the northern area not. In the western one
An arm of the cut SII were the findings
by pits from the periods Karnab \4I
and VIII (fig. 103,66.101) disturbed.
In the second phase of utilisation of the complex of buildings
(Karnab VIb) one closed
in the southern space the niche in the southeast corner
with Stampflehm, so that a smooth one
Wall originated (fig. 104,102a.103a). Also
the screed was renewed (fig. 104.46).
Other installations cannot be ascertained.
The northern space was stronger changed.
By the east wall widened marr
that segment, already before from clay bricks
was constructed (fig. 104.38), urn
0,10-0,20 m stage-like in the space.
At the northern end of the east wall became
a wall (in parallel with the north profile) from
to alternate situations of clay bricks
. (leZhiemg elformat 40xl6x t0 cm) and Stampfangefügt,
partial on the north side
was still strengthened by post (Dm
10 cm, distance between the posts
0,20-0,40-) of t7', approx. 5,40 m ran to the west
and the north space on this side now
concluded (fig. 104.49). Further to the north
was of this wall at her west end,
with an overlapping of 0.30 m, one more
other wall of similar construction method offshore
(Fig. 104.60). To the north of the wall
II/We cut 49 different floors
and filling layers in, mainly in
Profile are documented (fig. 79,51-60;
104,54). In the north space, 0.80 m to the south of her
North face and 1.20 m to the west of the east wall,
if an oval fireplace was
from 1,00x0,80-m size (fig. 104,107).
Not far from the south wall of this space lay
some stones on the screed (fig. 104.68).
In the west a big younger one broke through
Pit the ground (fig. 103,101).
For the last preserved construction phase of the complex of buildings
(Karnab \4c) let itself
17e Si.h. Hu; rsces 1,966,224following
in the south space only filling layers
(Prove fig. 105,82-B3), by later ones
Pits (fig. 105,108) was strongly disturbed.
The east wall sat down in the northern ones
Nevertheless, cut half away, was only
more from clay bricks (brick format 30 x
15xB cm) builds (fig. 105,111.11la) and
by a later pit (fig. 105,110) damages.
Also the corner joint with that
South wall (fig. 105.80) of the north space
it was destroyed by a pit (fig. 105,109).
To the north of it la$en verstürzte clay bricks,
partial still in linked Blökken
(Fig. 105.71a). Between the east and
the north-matt (fig. 105.49) passed one
Gap of 0.40-m width. Instead of the senior ones
Became more poorly at her west end
they now by a wall of only one brick width
(Format 20x20x8 cm) in more straight
Direction extends. The whole north space
if filling layers (fig. 105.71 took B.
72-75) one, in the western area
Of cut of a younger pit (fig.
105,101) cut became. To the north
of the north wall (II/49) we grasped the filling layers
(Fig. 105.61) mainly in the ProfiI.
The complex of buildings became, finally
from Schutrschichten (fig. 79,84-87) fills
and covers which contained a lot of ceramics,
they, however, extensively to the material of her
Floors corresponded. These rubble layers
therefore, are valid as an Ubergangsphase between
to the periods Karnab \1I and VII.
Now with the ceramics becomes the hand-made
very often, and clear differences
between both cuts
SI and SII are to be observed. In cut
SI (fortress) the portion amounts more hand-made
Vessels 37% gegeniber 63%
disc-rotated product, against which in
Cut II about 90-95% of the material hand-made
are and hardly disc-rotated
Ceramics seem. Maybe this lets itself
also on social or economic differences
between the inhabitants of the fortress
(Upper town - cut SI) and the open ones
Settlement (untertown - cut SII) lead back.
In any case, is for both cuts
a strong increase of hand-made ceramics
typically.
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali 139
Three construction phases Karnab \rla-\rlc are
in the ceramic development not clearly
to make a distinction. Everybody three proved furthermore
numerous fragments of disc-rotated,
to calotte-shaped bowls with
to turning, gefirnißtem edge (fig. 106,
2-3.9-12), how they already in the preliminary ones
Period Karnab V available warenl8O,
and this now, however, also as hand-made
Imitations seem (fig. 106, 13;
110,9). There crease wall bowls with step
to cylindrical upper top, sometimes also
with varnish stripe on the edge of (fig. 106,4-7),
itself from similar forms of the period fV
derive lassenlsl, and deeper bowls
with level ausbiegendem edge, in forms
the period II erinnerntt2. S.h.ib.ngedreht
if are further engmundige pots
or jugs with ausbiegendem neck and thickened one
Fiand, (fig. 107,11_13) 183, dünnwandige
Pots or jugs with precipitous, easily
to arched funnel edge (fig. 107.14) 184,
darkly gefirnißte, small pots with ausbiegendem
(Fig. 108.10) 185 or hammer-like
to thickened edge (fig. 108.7-g) tru, pots
with unjointed profile and conical
or around to einbiesendem upper top without set off one
Edge (Ä00. 108.4), small suction vessels
with streaky varnish (fig. 108.11187
as well as hochhalsige, bottle-like vessels
with very wide edge and black varnish
(Fig. 107,1qr88. Light clayey jugs,
sometimes with red stripe painting
(Fig. 107.18), her best parallels find
in the time 4./5.-7./B.Jh. in the area
around Kar5i. Probably it concerns
around real imports, because the design to itself
from the remaining material of Karnab clearly
makes a distinction and the copies from Erkurgan
gleichtl8e. Quite similar Krueformen
are found with the hand-made
Ceramics, particularly from the concluding one
Rubble horizon, and represent
probably imitations of these imported goods. They
are able to do - like other hand-made
Vessels - with lens-shaped Appliken
of ttt' Cf. n. l7o.
deadly Cf. Abb.97,6. They to frnden analogies in Afrasiab - 1.-4 cent. (Epyceuno in 1973, Abb.2,34); Erkurgan - 4.-6 cent.
(l4cauug*1unoe / Cy, teüuaHoe in 1984, Abb.40,11; 60 on the p. 143 below 17; flluuxuna among other things in 1985, Taf.133 on top
Middle); Taukattepa - 4.-6 cent. ((you "rauoeuv in 1983, fig. 10.22); Varachöa - 4. Cent. (YpuaHoea 1956, fig. 20,3-4).
Ahnlich, however, with conical upper top, also in Afrasiab - 3.-4 cent. (Ka6anoe 1969, Abb.3,39-40; Ka6anoe
1973a, fig. 15,2-3) and in Erkurgan - 5. Cent. (Ka6auoe 1981, fig. 61.32).
182 Possibly. wise is to be gone out from transferred scrap material, however, later analogies also exist: Epycenxo
In 1973, Abb.2,36 (Afrasiab, 1.-a. Cent.); HeQe4oe 1990, fig. 13.18 (Erkurgan, 2.-4 cent. A.D.); Ey6Hoea
199 I, fig. 2,30-32 (Du5anbe, early Middle Ages).
183 Epycenxo in 1973, fig. 2) 9-20 (Afrasiab, 5.-7 cent.); Eypxxov/!, a4a6aee 1973, Abb.7, l3 (Achmadtepe,
3.-a. Cent.); I4caxoe 1977, Abb.45,5 (PendZikent, T.-8. Cent.); Ka6anoe 1981, Abb.45,12 (Bol'Soe Klztepa);
(Dri.taHoguq 1983, Abb.3,44-46.57-bB (Sas V of a.-6 cent.); Abb.5,4t 48.64 65 (Kugaitepa, a.-7 cent.);
Fig. 10,26-28 (Taukattepa, a.-6 cent.); llyravcHxoea in 1989, fig. 18. S.50 middle on the right (Kumyikenttepe, step
Kuul M 3.-a. Cent.); llr, rpzu in 1990, fig. 2,3.5 (Erkurgan, 5.-6 cent.); By6uoea 1991, fig. 2.27 (Duianbe, early Middle Ages);
Ka6aHoe 1992, fig. 5,8-10 (Afrasiab, 3.-a. Cent.).
ton tr4.axoo in 1977, fig. 41.2; 45.1 (PendZikent, 6.-B.Jh.); Lllzruxuna among other things in 1985, Taf. 135 on top on the left (Romi5 VI-WI,
3.-5 cent.); Ka6anos 1992, fig. 5.33 (Afrasiab, 3.-4 cent.);
r85 lpHquua/llapÄaee 1990, fig. 25,4.8.12 (Aktepe with Surabulak, 6.-8 cent.).
tto I4.arou 1977, Abb.34,2; 41.1; 43,7:46,12 (PendZikent, 5.-8 cent.); Ka6auoe 1981, fig. 37,7-8; 33,3.5; 61.77
(Aultepa, Maloe Kyztepa, 4.-6 cent.); Abb.45,1l (of Bol' 5oe Kyztepa); (You \anosuq in 1983, Abb.5,49 (Kugaitepa,
a.-7. Jln.); llluurxuua among other things in 1985, Taf. 135 on top on the left (Romii \ryI, 5. Cent.); Ceaoe in 1987, Taf. 13.21; 16,17.19 (Ak-
Tepe II, 5.-6 cent.); lprzqr.rualflapaaee in 1990, Abb.25,2; 26.5 (Attepe with Surabulak.6.-8. Cent.); HeQe4oe 1990,
Fig. 13.20 (Erkurgan, 2.-4 cent. A.D.); Ka6auoe 1992, Abb.5,22 (Afrasiab, 3.-cent.); flyraveHnoea in 1989,
Fig. 18th page. 5 l on top; 19 p. 52 on top on the left, p. 53 below on the right; 23 p. 63 on top middle (Kumyökenttepe, step Krraur
Rev. V, 3.-5 cent.).
t87 Ce4ou 1987, Taf. 13.27 (Ak-Tepe II, 5.-6 cent.). Comparably also with fsanouoe in 1953, Abb.28. Middle on the right
(Kobadian Y 3.-4 cent., perhaps also a little later); Ka6anoe 1973a, fig. 16.9 (Afrasiab, 5.-7 cent.); llu4aee in 1978,
82 following Taf. I 8,5-6 (Akkurgan, 2.-5 cent. A.D.). if N does "4aeu 1978, 82 following-laf. 13.20 (Akkurgan, 2.-5 cent. A.D.).
'oo llca*uga Hoe/Cy, reälraHoe in 1984, 132following Abb.53; 60; Bopo6seea / HeQe4oe 1990, fig. 5. on the bottom left and
on the top right; llr, rpuu in 1990, fig. 2,4 and unpuhliziertes material in the archaeological institute in Samarkand.
See moreover similar forms in Koitepa, Mudintepa, Pirmat-baba-tepe and Sortepa (everybody in the area from
Karöi) where they are dated the 4.-6 cent. (Ka6auoe 1964B, fig. 6; Ka6auoe 1973B, fig. 2,3; 3.4; Ka6anoe
In 1981, fig. 61, 22.25.30.36).
I40 tin of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
and be provided pricks. To the bigger ones
belong to disc-rotated vessels
Jugs with put a tread neck and unteredge-constant
Handle, from which a copy
a stamped rosette under the handle
helps with the carrying (fig. 107.91tqo, gefirnißte pots
to short, funnel-shaped ausgebogenem edge
(Fig. 108.1) 1e1, pots with T:förmigem,
to sloping Fiand (fig. 108.6) 1e2, pots with
piston-like to thickened edge (fig. 107,15-
l7) tnt, pots with short, ausgebogener and
put a tread edge lip (fig. I 07, B) 1
ea, 'föpfe
with ausgebogenem edge, by finger spot strips
is strengthened (fig. 109,4-5) 1e5,
black gefirnißte pots with short funnel edge
and more thinly, angularly wiped off
Edge lip (fig. 108.3; 109,1-2) 1e6, pots
alike at last senannten.jedoch, in addition
with lateral sink spout (fig.
109,6) 1e7, as well as very much dünnwandige, big ones
Bowls with brim-like taken off one
Edge, (fig. 106,15-1O1e8. The stock vessels
if point thickened or slightly set off ones,
short edges on (fig. 109.3) and are in
Upper top with black Engobe covered,
mostly down runs out there
(Fig. 115, S) tnn. F.ug-"nte from older cups
still seem (transferred?), and
the foot fragments often to Spinnwirteln
were altered (fig. 107, 1-3).
With the hand-made ceramics are beside
to the already mentioned imitations of her
to imported jugs still the following forms
to make a distinction: small bowls or
Bowls with calotte-shaped body
and outside by wiping off easily gekehltem
Edge (fig. 110,2-8) 200, bigger bowls
the same form with less clearly gekehltem
Edge. (Fig. lll, l-4) 2o1, bulbous ones
Jugs with a handle, particularly from
tou fly.a "ettxoea in 1989, fig. 19. S.53 on top middle (Kumyökenttepe, step Knnr V 4.-5 cent. or a little later).
Analogies are possible also with fllzuxnrra among other things in 1985, Taf. 135 on top on the left (Romi5 \{I, 5. Cent.) and Myxaue4-
nevertheless, r (aHoB among other things in 1988, fig. of 5,1-3l' 7,1 (Pajkend, 5.-7 cent.) illustrated, it concerns fragments without
Handle. To the stamp rosette see also Novikov 1,996.27 following Taf. 6,1-2.5-6 (Zar-Tepe, 1.-4 cent.).
deadly
^eu"
In 1971, Abb.59,62-64 (I (aunöi I, l. Jh.v. Chr.-3. Jh.n. Chr.); I4caroe 1977, Abb.43,11 (PendZikent,
7.-8 cent.); Myxaue4xanoB among other things in 1982, fig. 2. below 14 (Bukhara ry 2.-3 cent. A.D.); (you, \anoeuq in 1983, 38following
Abb.3,5g, Taf.l tr4 (Sa5tepa, step V - 3.-6. Jh.n. Chr.); tr4cauu44uuozlCy.neüuaHon 1984, Abb.60 on
S. 144, below 30 (Erkurgan, 2.-3. Jh.n. Chr.); lhl, r.urr on the right (3.-4. Jh.n. Chr.); lflurunuua among other things in 1985, Taf. 135 middles on top (Romi5 \aI, 5. Cent.); llapaaee in 1992,
Fig. 2.12 (Rasulbajkultepa, 4.-8 cent.).
toz Ce4ou 1987, Taf. 19.13 (Ak-Tepe II, 5.-6 cent.); Myxaue4xaHoB among other things in 1988, Abb.8,6 (Pajkend, 7.-B.Jh.);
Ae6e4eea 1990, fig. 2 I, 1,6.13 (Zargartepa, 8. Cent.).
1it I4caxou 1977, Abb.43,72-13 (PendZikent, 7.-B.Jh.); Ceaoe in 1987, Taf. 18,4.9-10. I4; 24,4.6 (Ak-Tepe II,
5.-6 cent.); Myxaue4r+uuoB among other things in 1988, Abb.9,4 (Pajkend, 7.-B.Jh.); Ka6auos 1992, Abb.5,13 (Afrasiab,
3.-4 cent.).
Lea Eypmon/fi a4a6aey 1973, fig. 7,4-6 (Achmadtepe, 3.-4 cent. A.D.); "flxy6on in 1979, fig. 37.5 (Gardani Chisor,
7.-8 cent.); Ey6Hoea 1991, Abb.2,3 (DuSanbe, early Middle Ages); Ka6auoe 1992, Abb.5,22 (Afrasiab,
3.-a. Cent.); llapaaee in 1992, Abb.2,22 (Rasulbajkultepa, 4.-B.Jh.). Moreover, forefather [che edge forms are in
Kaunöi circle of desTalkenter area known. See possibly for Kaunöi II-III: AeslrHaI97l, 90following Abb.26,2-3:
28, l-2.6; 3 I, 1-2.5.7.14-15; 35,4-5.10-11; 36,5-8; 37,3-8.10-13; 49,30-3754,45-46: '59,205-270/326/329-332
1e5 flxy6oe in 1979, fig. 36,2-3.5-7 (Gardani Chisor, 7.-B.Jh.); of meadow Myx) naHoB among other things in 1988, Abb.6; 8,4-5 (Pajkend,
7.-8. teo cent.) I4.ur.ou 197?, fig. 37,8:41,3 (PendZikent, 6.-8 cent.); Ka6anoe 1992, Abb.5,32 (Afrasiab, 3.-4 cent.).
te7 Ka6uno* 1969, Abb.3,46 (Afrasiab, 5.-7.1h.); Ka6anoe 1981, fig. 45,5-6; 61,1,37,11.28 (of Bol' 5oe Kyztepa,
Ajtugdytepa, Aultepa, 5.-6 cent.); (DuaauoeH.r 1983, Abb.5,71 (Kugaitepa, 4.-6 cent.); flyraveHxoea in 1989,
Fig. 19. S.53 on top on the left (Kumylkenttepe, step Kr, rruV, 4.-5 cent. or a little later).
le8 Ku6unou 1973a, fig. 16.10 (Afrasiab, 5.-7 cent.). To later variations with differently formed edge see
Be, tseea in 1983, 286following fig. 2, 20 (ChodZent, 11.-l2 cent.). t "Ka6a" ou in 1981, fig. 61.20 (Maloe Kyztepa, 4. Cent.); Myxaue4xaHoB among other things in 1988, fig. 8,2-3 (Pajkend, 7.-8 cent.);
Ae6e4eea 1990, fig. 2 1, II8-9 (Zargartepa, 8. Cent.).
20o coanalogies in Kaunöi I and II (Äeeuua in 1971, 90following Abb.27,1,2-14; 31,36-39; 59,124-128.279-282) and him
to middle and upper layers of the stratigraphischen cut of Kurgantepe: llyravenxosa in 1989, 67-705
Abb.31. (S.78-79). Moreover, Henqera in 1969, Abb.7,7 B (Afrasiab, a.-7 cent.); Eypnroslflasa6aee 1973,
Fig. 7, 2 (Achmadtepe, 3.-4 cent.).
201 see Kaunöi I and II (Aeezna in 1971, 90following fig. 44,53-59; 59,124-726.287). Moreover, Kurgantepe - middle ones
and upper layers - at the earliest Kaunöi II (flyraveHxoea in 1989, Abb.3l, S.78 on the left; S.79 on the left and on the right
Middle).
settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and öangali 741
to the Schutthorizont202. stubby cups
with S. profile and a handle, in
Edge nearness begins (easily überrandständig,
edge-constantly or _leicht unrerrandständig)
(Fig. 110,10-12) 2uu, small pots with SprofiI,
with those the edge diameter possibly
corresponds to that of the belly (fig. 112,2.6-
7) 2oa od, he their upper top more narrowly and almost cylindrical
is (fig. 112.1) 205. Bigger pots
have a Sförmig curved profile,
and the edge diameter mostly small
is as that of the belly and the neck
Shoulder crossing mainly circular,
sometimes, however, also more square distinctive
can be (fig. 112.8; 113,1-7; 114,1-5).
The shoulder of this pot form falls mitunrer
precipitously from (fig. 112.9; 114.5) or serzr very much
level in (fig. 113,4-6; 114.4), and everybody
Intermediate stages represent sind206. The pots
are able with vertical or horizontal ones
To handles (fig. I 12,5.9; I 13,2.6; I 14,1.4-5) 207
as well as be provided with lateral spout
(Fig. 112.3; 116,1q2o8. Possibly ahmen
they the suitable disc-rotated
After forms. Hand-made
are of distant miniature vessels, about
correspond to the bigger forms (fig.
115,1-3), disc-shaped lids with middle clutch
(Fig. 115.6; 116, D2oe and censers
by different foot forms
(Fig. 1 16,5-8. I l) 2ro. Insbesond.ere d.ie cups
or jugs and the pots, more seldom
also the bowls, are able with different
formed Knubben (fig. l13, l.7; 114, J;
116,9), strips (fig. 110,8.10; 112.7;
113,3.5), lens-shaped Appliken (fig.
110.10; 113,4.6), to impressions (Äöö. 112.2;
ll6, l0), to stamps (fig. 114,1-2; tl6, t2),
To pricks or notches (fig. 110.9;
112,1.5-7; 114,1.3.5; 116.2), to scratched wavy lines
(Fig. 41,4-5), srreifiger or more running
pasroser red painting (fig.
202 see Kaunöi I and II (Aeezna in 1971, 90following Abb.32,99.103-105; 33,33-42; 5 g, 16-'22.757-159). Moreover
Kajragaö (EpurxzHa 1982, Taf. 28,1-7).
203 comparably possibly in Kaunöi I and II (Äeellua in 1971, g0ff. Fig. 32, gg.103-105; 33,33-42;
59,16-22.157-160.253-255). see also A64y.uaee 1975, Abb.3,29 (Icrnka, 6.-8 cent.);.trxy6oe in 1979,
Fig. 40.10 (Par-even, 7.-8. Ih.).
ä, i?" Example A64yaaaer 1975. Fig. 5.7 (I (anka, 6.-8 cent.); Bpr, rxuua in 1982, Taf. gl, 5-9.11 (I (ajragaö).
'and' Erwa Ka6anos 1964B, Abb.9. (Sortepa, a.-6 cent.); Epuxurraigg2, Taf.31,10.12 (Kajragaö). 206 Eerrtou" t in 1953, 133-135, Taf. B (Pendzikent, Z.-s.1ti.;; Bapxoroea in 1964, Abb.2 on top (.I.akjantepe,
2.-5 cent.); Heuqeea in 1969, Abb.8,12-15 (Afrasiab, 7.-S.Jh.); Ka6anoe 1973a, fig. 16.7 (Afrasiab, 5-2.1h.;;
A64y "t.taee in 1975, Abb.5,10 (Iknka, 6.-B.Jh.); tr {caxog 1977,122-144, Abb.46; 49 (pendZikent, b.-a. Jn.;;
flu4aee in 1978, 82following Taf.15,1-10.12-14 (Akkurgan, 2.-5. fh. A.D.); EpmxzHa 1982, Taf. l6-17 (Kajragaö);
Taf. 18 (Tagona); Ce4on 1987, Taf.20,7-24; 26 (Ak-tepe II - 4.-5 cent.); Myxaue4xtauoe among other things l9gg, Abb.6,7
(Pajkend, 7.-8 cent.); Araxanoe in 1991, 291 fig. 5,1-5 1 Siöichona, 5.-S.Jh.); Ey6uoea 1991, fig. 4.25 (Du5anbe,
Early Middle Ages); approx., troecra; r in 1991, 43 Abb.2,1-2 (Kurganöa in the Fergana valley, 6.-8 cent.); flapgaee in 1992,
Abb.2,2 (Rasulbajkultepa, upper layer); Abb.2,14; 3,8.14.20 (Rasulbajkultepa, unrere Schichtf. The lower one
Schichtvon Rasulbajkultepawird the 4.-5 cent., middle the 6.-7 cent. and upper in 7.-g. Cent. dates
- lla4aee in 1992, 113. Moreover, they are frequent in the Kaunöi area: AeszHa 1971, fig. b9, l37-14g.30b
(Step Kaunöi II=4.-5. Cent., step Kaunöi III=6.-B.Jh.); Eyp'xoe in 1982, fig. B, l0-12 (step Kaunöi II =
^^-
2 cent. B.C. to 4. Cent. A.D., step Kaunöi III = 4.-6 cent.).
207 vertical handles are frequent: e.g., AeerHa 1971, 90following Abb.26,37; 22,27-29.2I; 29,42.46.48.b0.56; 30,1.3-11;
33,1-13.18-20; 59,1-6.137-l 44.302. See also (Du.raHoeu.r 198S., fig. 3,14-16.19.41.5a (Sas V-M. _8. Cent.);
Of Abb.5'26-27.67.105-107 (Kugaittepa, 4.-B.Jh.); fig. 10.47 (Taukattepa, layer of l, 4.-5 cent.). Horizontal handle:
ÄeeuHa 1971, 90following Abb.26,32-33; 30,38-40; 33.24; b9,8.13 lb.r4b r47.20b; Eypxxoe {a4a6aen 7973,
7.15 (Achmadtepe, 3.-4 cent. N. chr.); (Drz, tanoezq in 1989, fig. 2,3-6; z, bb? 08 tSas Rev. V, 1.-6 cent.). see Kaunöi I and II (ÄeeuHa 1971, 90following fig. 32,18.33-36; 34.75; 59,73-74.233-234). Moreover, Afiasiab,
4.-7 cent. (Here '.rr1eea in 1969, Abb.7,9.14; Ka6auos 1973a, fig. 16,4.8); Aultepa, 4.-6 cent. (Ka6agoe 1981,
Abb.33); of Bol' 5oe Kyztepa, 5.-6 cent. (Ka6auoe 1981, fig. 45,5-6); Kumyikenttepe, step Kulr IV, 4. Cent.
^^^
(llyraveuroeal98g, fig. 19. s.52unten); pendZikent, 6.-z. Cent. (tr {caxoe lg77, Abb.27, B; 41.3).
Zoe
^.u "r, a
In 1971, Abb.59,25-29.161-166.307-310 (Kaunöi I-III); 6prrxr.rHa in 1982, Taf.28,10-12 (I (Drl, ranoeuq in 1983, fig. 5,75-77.1I3 (Kugaittepa, a.-B.Jh.); fig. 10,19.38-39 (Taukattepa, layers Z and 3,
5.-8. Jh). However, in Sas the form is continuously from 6. Cent. B.C. till the B.Jh., r. Ch. b.l.gt ((you, tauoeaq
In 1983, fig. 2,54.65.80.94.102; 3.26).
Ztn
^. * "" a
In 1971, 89 fig. 23.14 (Tok-Kala. 5.-7 cent.); Ka6anon 1972, BZAbb. 6,13-14 (A, jtugdy-Tepe, b.-6 cent.);
Ka6arroe 1973a, fig. 16,11-72 (Afrasiab, 5.-7 cent.); tr4cavu4*1uuos / Cy.teüvauon tsTi lnriurgan, 4.-5 cent.)
Ka6anoe 1981, 33following Abb.20. {-5 (DZangal'tepa, 3.-6 cent.); 61.16 (Neguztepa, 3. Cent.); Eporxuua 1,982.77following
Fig. 55-57 (Kajragaö, 6.-8 cent.); Ceaoe in 1987, Taf,74.29 (Ak-tepe II, 4.-b. Cent.).
142
113.6; 114,3.5; 115,2-5) or all possible ones
Combinations of these technologies decorates
sein21r.
In other findings of the period Karnab
\4 meet several fragments from
FeuerböckeÄ Qq, ot. 117.6) 212, round web weights
of unburnt tone (fig. 117,1-3),
as they are already known from period II,
Fragments of cup feet, secondarily
when Spinnwirtel to train grindings became
(Fig. 116.3), meal tubs (fig. 117.4) and
Meal balls (fig. 123.14), two-part, rounds
Hand mills from slaty, gleam-containing
Rock (fig. 118,1-4) and
a Bronzehzken (fig. 116.1), all objects,
nevertheless, not to the more exact date
of this period can contribute.
The finding property from the rubble layers in
Cut SII (fig. 79,84-87) corresponds as much as possible
to that of the period Karnab M. From
correspond to the disc-rotated forms
calotte-shaped bowls (fig. 119.3), imported
Jugs of the Erkurgan/cirque $ type (fig.
119,1-2), big lküge (fig. 119.6), gefirnißte
Pots with short funnel edge (fig. 119.5),
Pots with piston-like thickened edge
(Fig. 119.7), pots with put a tread edge lip
(Fig. 119.8) and stock vessels (Abb.119,9)
to those from period \rI.
Under the hand-made ceramics this
Rubble layers meet furthermore
Tin of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
hand-made imitations of the import jugs
(Fig. 122,8-9; 123.3), small bowls
and bowls with wiped off edge
(Fig. 120,4-9), bulbous jugs with one
Handle (fig. 121,1-4), stubby cups
with S. profile (fig. 121.6; 122.6), small pots
with S. profile and roughly same one
Diameter in edge and belly (fig.
120,10-12; 122.7), bigger pots with curved one
Page profile of all variations
(Fig. 121,5.7-9; 122,1-2; 123,4-6), also with
to horizontal or vertical handles (Ä00.
121.5; 123,4-5), to pot with lateral spout
(Fig. 122.4; 123.12), miniature (fig. 123,7-9)
as well as censers (fig. 123.11).' therefore
if is the ceramic repertoire from that
Rubble layer nearly identically with that
the period M. As a new form, already
in period Karnab \4I points, some appear
Copies of bulbous pots with
to geradwandigem cone neck (fig. 122.3), in such a way
the fact that the rubble horizon probably eroded from
Layers of the period to M and few elements
from period WED. exists.
The ceramics from period Karnab \4 lay
all together a date looks in this
Near 4./5.-B.Jh. This also carries partially
to a purification of the time position Kaunöi-
The culture with which discusses since her discovery
wird213. The sequence in Karnab (for
Kaunöi II and III) corresponds - at least
21 I [r.r4aee lg78, 82following Taf. 15,5-6.10 - Knubben, pricks, notches, painting (Akkurgan, 2.-b. J} r. A.D.)'
Kaunöi I (ÄeeHua 1971, 90following Abb.25,38-43; 59,8-12, more often in Kaunöi II (AenuHa 1971'90following
Fig. 31,9 12.bb b7; b9,137-756 and in Kaunöi III (Aeezua in 1971, 90following Abb.59,299-305. In the later steps
if the decoration also increases, under it among other things round impressions and lens-shaped applications: Aeeuua
lg7l, 90following Abb.Z2,46.54-56.NäheramArbeitsgebietliegendieFundorte,dievonPugaöenkovanördlichdes
Zeravlan between Samarkand and Kattakurgan were examined. Here comparable forms are above all
in the middle and upper layers of the stratigraphischen cut of Kurgantepe been ascertained and
can belong at the earliest in clie Kaunöi II time: flyrauetrxoea in 1989, 67-105 of Abb.3l' (S.78-79). See also
Achmadtepe, 1. Jh.v.chr.-3. Jh.n. Chr. (Eypxroe / la4a6aee 1973, fig. '6.1); Afrasiab, 5.-7 cent. (Ka6anoe
1973a, fig. 16.5); Ak-tepe II - 4.-5 cent. (Ce. oe in 1987, Taf.20,14.16); Kugaittepa, 7.-B.Jh. (OrT.tauoeuu 1983,
Abb.5,16); Pargaa 7.-8 cent. (flxy6oe in 1979, Abb.23,12); Takjantepe, 2.-5 cent. (Bapxorona in 1964, 69); Taukattepa,
Layer Z, S.-0. p. (O", no, our.u in 1983, fig. 10,24.31). Moreover, still Gorbunova in 1986, 83 following fig. ' 6'
ttt Siäh" Kaunöi I and II (AesuHa 1971, 90following Abb.25,35-37;27,25-26;29,36.4b.49;30,69-80; 49,77.20.31;
bg, 3b-40.178-182). Insbesonderejene of the step II correspond in the form their von-Karnab. See also
Epr, rruua 1,982.80following Taf.33,9-13 (I (ajragaö); Ou.r.atroeuq in 1983, Abb.2, l0; 3,1.38.60 (SaI IV W, 3.-8 of '.fh');
Fig. 5,85-86 (Kugaittepa, 4.-6 cent.). tt, Ip ".opo" o fS+Ou] lprropoeu tg40l. Si.tr. for the later discussion possibly Tepeuoxxzu in 1950; AeeuHa 1971,
Söff.; iypo, roe in 1982, 70fi.; are summarised:
Kaunöi culture
T
Aeerrra in 1971
1 |h. V. Chr.-3 cent. A.D.
Eypaxoe in 1982 @u "taHoeu'r in 1983
2 cent. V. Chr.-2 cent. A.D. 2.-1 cent. V' Chr.
r 4.-5 cent. 2.-4. Of Jh'. I '-3' of Jh'
rrr 6.-8 cent. 4.-6 cent. 3 '-6 'Jh'
Without own Chronologiediskuision follows llyraveuroea in 1989 basically the beginning of Burjakov' the one
Settlement-archaeological researches in
for the end of this culture - soonest
to the late absolute-chronological beginning
from L. M. Levina. This becomes more distant by
the date of the following period
Karnab VII supported.
Pnruoor KenNee \aII
In the layers of the cut SI, them
Constructions from period \|I overlaid, were
only few of later pits very disturbed ones
Architecture remains receive. It
were found in the distance from lm of each other
two rows of big, unhewn ones
To stone blocks and secondarily used
To meal stones, the possibly east west straightened
were (fig. 124, A70.95). From
western end of the northern stone row
from ran next possibly rechtwinklig2la
to the north (fig. 124, A96). With these
It would be allowed to do stone rows to itself around the Furrdamente
from two buildings act, of those
Superstructure passed of clay bricks
had. A rammed mucky floor
it was ascertained in the northern space
(Fig. 124, A73). kn north edge of the Schnitres
if was in this depth the crown of the connection wall
(Fig. 124, A44) obviously; possibly
if she became as a foundation of her
northern wall reuses. Later ones
Pits (fig. 124, A81.97) interfered
the wall I / 95:vire also the filling layers
in southern cut half
(Fig. 124, A75-76a).
In cut SII were the latest building leftovers
the period Karnab\4 from
Wash or rubble layers abeedeckt,
a lot of ceramics (mainly hand-made)
contained, as we explained on top,
predominantly that from Peri-
Sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali t43
ode VI corresponds. This Schichtpaker became
from different big pits
(Fig. 105,101.108-1 10) cut, of those
Mouth mostly was not received. About that
if a deposition mighty up to 2 m followed
(Fig. 79.88) from uniform Mauerversturz
with whole and fragmented
To the clay bricks which did not lie any more in the association.
This layer rose to the west to
Tellinneren there in and would be allowed from there slipped
be. In them became later a pit
eingetieft (fig. 79,94a-J), by fine ones
and coarser layers of earth was filled.
Versturzschicht and some of the pits proved
hence, no findings and are able
are dated not directly.
From the preserved layer leftovers in
Cut SI there come fragments from kamrnstrichverzierten
To jugs (fig. 128.6), how they
for the following period Karnab VIII typically
become. Edge shards with straight one
Neck and slightly unteredge-constant handle
point to a little older step in that
Ennvicklung of these jugs trin (fig. 124.85;
126,3) 215. Modelgepreßte pilgrim's bottles
(Russian uycraxapa) with relief decoration are
already with few fragments represent
(Fig. 128.7). There there come fragments
from big, funnel-shaped washing bowls
with outside umgeschlaeenem edge,
since 9. Cent. is known (fig.
128,10) Of 216. pots with collar edges or
hammer-like to thickened edges (fig.
128,2-5) 217 complete the form spectrum.
A bronze bowl (fig. 128.9)
finds in PendZikent in the time after dern
B.Jh. Entsprechungen2ls. Also some of her
Pits from cut SII probably belong in this
Period. Thus one proved of it (findings
I/101) beside older, obviously transferred
Ceramics (fig. 125,1-3.5) also
longer term goes from the comparisons (in particular of the typical cups with zoomorphen handles)
from Litvinskij in 1986, 110 following out (without the Kaunöi culture expressly genannr becomes), about Chinese ones
Mirrors and coins are dated.
zta Tu stone row were destroyed after working end by unknown treasure graves, so that her situation only about
it can be reconstructed.
2t5 Si.h. possibly Heurleea in 1969, fig. ll, l4 (Afiasiab, 10.-l1 cent.); Ka6anoe 1973a, 78-80 Abb.77,7 g (Afrasiab,
8.-l0 cent.); Ou, r.anosu.r in 1983, Abb.6,23.33-34 (Kugaittepa, after 8. Cent.); MyxaueÄrnaHoB among other things l9BB,
l6't-167 fig. 15.1; 17.9 (Pajkend, 9.-10 cent.); Äe6e4eea 1990, fig. 21.4 (Zargartepa, the second half B.Jh.).
216 A6ürueea 1982, 121 fig. 23; Epyceuxo/la.tzesa in 1982, 124-136 Abb.2,20.
217 H.rqeua in 1969, fig. 11,3-4 (Afrasiab, 10.-l1 cent.); BpyceHno 1973, fig. 2, rL-5 (Afrasiab, 8.-9 cent.).
2t* Pac., o.r, ruu in 1980, 125following Abb.83,1-13. See a moreover unpassé copy from a Crube in Hissar:
Canoü, rux 1,983,271following fig. 8.11.
144
one more sound lamp with green icing
(Fig. 125.4) which well dates the 9.-l0 cent.
become kann2le. Another pit (findings
II, z110) contained some whole and
several fragmented hand-made vessels
(Fig. 126).Die forms entsprechenjenen
of the period Karnab \4 or let themselves
from it derive (fig. 125, 1-2; 127, 1-3.5-6.8).
In particular the bulbous pots, now, however
with cone neck and straight edge, find
later analogies (fig. 126.4; 127,41,220.ln
of the southwest corner of this cut was found
in the filling layer (fig. 124, A76) abbasidische
Copper coin from Samarkand, in
to the years 7Federal Railway / 789 stamped w.rrde221. This
Layer package and a part of the pits,
the population period Karnab \{II represent,
therefore, would be allowed to the 9.-10 cent.
belong.
PnnronB KanNee \aIII
In cut SI some big pits are valid as
the latest findings, here as a period
Karnab \rIII should be summarised.
Their diameters amount to ztf
1.4 m, her depth can reach 2.7 m
(Fig. 78,78-79.81.84; 124, A81.97). Only one
Pit (findings I / 97) contained several well
preserved vessels as well as Scherbet (fig. 129-
130), to itself without contradiction in 11. Cent.
allow to refer.
Some of the undateable pits from
Cut SII would also be able in this time
belong. This population segment is indubitable
also here been represented, there
Tin of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
itself in the uppermost erosion layers
Shards of kammstrichverzierten jugs
(Fig. 124.84) of the 10.-12 cent. find, how they
also from pit I / 97 are given.
As tlpische forms are valid disc-rotated
Handle jugs with narrow, put a tread one
Neck, to branching off handle and
Comb line decoration (fig. 130,3-6),
in 11. Cent. good analogies in Afrasiab and
to other sites of the discovery finden222. Very much dünnwandige,
spherical pots with put a tread one
Edge and finger spot (fig. 129.3) 223 are.
just as a bulbous pot with short one,
to ausbiegendem edge (fig. 130.1) 224 also
to put in this time. With a Napf
of fine, grey tone with put a tread one
Edge and getrepptem foot as well as a decoration
from vertical ribs, scratched one
Zigzag, a sort of Rollstempel and flatten,
to round impressions on the edge
(Fig. 130.2) it concerns a unique piece,
however, this dates about the finding context
becomes. Further the same are descended
Pit still shards of handle pots
with collar edge, (fig. 129.5) 225, streaky painted
Pot fragments (fig. 1 29, 1. 6), fragments
from relief-decorated pilgrim's bottles,
in moulding were pressed (fig. 129.4)
as well as the fragment of a low table
of white, cement-like tone (fig.
129,4226. There shards of hand-made step
To vessels with red stripe painting
(Fig. 128.1. B), however, also transferred
could be. Uber these ceramics
if lets itself population period Karnab \4II
with the 11.-12 cent. tie together.
2to K., ngparoeea in 1961, 221'taf. B, 4; Heuqeea in 1969, 185-186 Abb.11,21-22; Ka6aHoe I973a, 78-80 Abb.17,5;
Myxalre4xauoB among other things l9BB, l67Abb. 16.2; I4 "tracoea in 1990, 173; 777, T1p IIAbb. 1,2-4'
220 (D ".na" ourr.r in 1983, Abb.5,25.29-30; 6,19.31-32.49-53 (Kugaittepa, 8. Cent. and later); Taf.4JK (Aktepe,
7.-8. 1H. or later).
"t Cf. the contribution from A. Ch. AtachodZaev in this tape.
222 Afrasiab: Ka6airoe among other things 1.974, fig. 3.15; 6.6. See the also jug types II and V from Ibnka (10.-11 cent.): Epycerrxo/
la.tneel rg92,127 following fig. 2,7.15.
223 A*papou in 1969, Abb.3 on the left; EpyceHxo 1969, Abb.2,22 (Afrasiab, 10. Cent.); EpyceHno/la.tueea 1982, 129
Fig. 2.13. i
22N Ka6a "ou among other things 1,974.82 Abb.6,2 (Afrasiab, lI.Jh.). A sharp precursor see also Ka6anoe 1973a, fig. 16.6 (Afrasiab,
5.-7 cent.).
22and Here, reua in 1969, fig. 11,3-4 (Afrasiab, 10.-1l cent.).
226 It probably concerns an imitation of such small tables of alabaster, how they already since 6. Cent. seems:
Epr, rxuHa in 1982, 48following fig. 50. From ceramics see AaHlaoe 1969, fig. 2.15 (Kul'tepa, 10.-12 cent.); Ceaoe
In 1987, Taf. 21.7 (Ak-Tepe II, 5.-6 cent.); Myxaue4xaHoB among other things l9BB, fig. 15.2 (Pajkend, 9.-10 cent.).
Settlement-archaeological researches
ZuseunrnNressuNG
In both slices SI and SII
Tells of Karnab to ascertained layers
let themselves, to sum up, in eight
provable main settlement periods subdivide,
partial differentiates even more finely
can become and from spätachaimenidischen
Time till 12. Cent. reaches
(Fig. 131). Because period Karnab I already on
to the grown rock founded or in
these eingetieft became, if the population history was allowed
of this hill in de_r action
only in this time have begun. To age
Traces are missing, although this theoretically
at other place of the Tells bary. of that more immediately
Surroundings could lie,
we with ours both stratigraphischen
Sondagen SI and SII did not cut. There
in addition, in the whole Tell area
but also no litter findings came to light,
before period I went back, is
this a little probably. Karnab repeats
with it an observation, to itself also
in countless other Plätr, en Sogdiens
in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali t45
allowed to make, namely that the origin
from settlement hills and with it from stationary ones
Establishments only seldom before them
spätachaimenidisch/frühhellenistische time
went back. Old historical, in particular
bronze-temporal remains, in one
Connection with the close mining
could stand, therefore, were here
not available; the beginning of the settlement
started about einJahrtausend later.
The end of the settlement of the Tells would be allowed
with period Karnab \{III certainly not yet
have been grasped, how the surface finding
registers a timuridischen coin. To age
Villagers report further, that
still at the beginning of 20. Cent. on the hill
it was lived. The uppermost layers
Tells from the late Middle Ages and the modern times
nevertheless, became by modern building activities
nearly completely outworn.
The still preserved layers of the Tells
from Karnab let themselves to sum up
summarise into the following eight population periods:
Period
Karnab I
Karnab II
Karnab IIIa C
Karnab [V
Karnab V
Karnab VIa C
Karnab \rII
Karnab VIII
Time position
4.-3 cent. B.C.
3.-2 cent. B.C.
2. / 1. Cent. V. Chr.-7./2. Cent. A.D.
1./2 cent. A.D.
2.-4. J}: ^.
5.-7./B.Jh.
e.-10 cent.
10.-12 cent.
Findings
Pit houses
Stampflehmmauern
(Cut SI)
Clay brick architecture
(Cut SI)
Planierung
(Cut SI)
Clay brick architecture
(Cut SI)
Clay brick architecture,
Fortress, rubble layers
Stone foundations, pits
Pits and erosion layers
(K A., N. B., Ju. FOLLOWING B. and H. P.)
Tin of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
Fig. 75. Karnab. A situation of the Tells in the village (from the east). B height layer plan of the Tells with situation of the excavation cuts
SI and SII (after G. Steffens).
Vdffilry of o' sblbl, V' lltüolü4r $
Klbe.! ffi. Otdüttte:O. Sblbn 498
1475 m \\
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Öangali 147
B
Abb.76. Karnab, Te1l. A cut SI with end of the excavations (from the north) B cut SII before the beginning of the excavations
(from the east).
148
! z
L
OJ
Vol.
*
acts
!
CJ C
AND
.-.:
.d) and the following
-o (B
!
tt-
Ä
=r
I
I
_-l:C
!
tt1


Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas uncl öangali I4g
Abb.80. Karnab, Tell. Cut SI, plans of the period I.
A
B
Li
l.!. 1
.:t, ':]
.:::
i: t
ini
ü
I i:' ':
'
'''
'" t'"
.-, 1.':. '.i'i... _.i... j:
, 'l i., '.ii:.:.;:., 1-i, i.",":
{il. '.-+:a.:., '-of.'
, 14
". of =r'."':
.'lt - = - - - 'i.
t::: i::::.
i:.t., Ir.,
lt:.; 1',
1. i,
ll::. ri-:
1:t::;
lr:irj:
t':: i:r:
ii:ii:::
i. "i
t:. ':: i. 'i,
Tl.::.'
150 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
Fig. 81. Karnab, Tell. Cut SII, plan of the period I.
I
and the following
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and öangali 151
Fig. 82. Karnab, Tell. Findings from period I. I-13 ceramics. M I:3.
152 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
[lt _ ' N, "': \/UI l3I
q - *; q---p
,} ** _Jl U, 4 ffi06 ffiffi,
ilil LltiJl Il7
Fig. 83. Karnab, Tell. Findings from period I. 1-5.10-13 ceramics, 6-7 bronze, B-9 stone. 1-5.8.10-12 M 1:3,
6-7 M 1:1,9 M 1:6, 13 M 1:4.
153
0 mm
l
IA
Fig. 84. Karnab, Te1l. A cut SI, plan of the period II B cut SI, excavation situation in period II
(from Siiden).
154 Zrnn of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
(I)) '\',-LZe
\of---' 1. {/7 w\Z l, tq 10
Fig. 85. Karnab, Tell. Findings from period II. 1-16 ceramics. M 1:3.
Siecllungsarchäologische researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali 155 w, w, w
I
Abb.86. Karnab, Tell findings from period II
156 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
I//_.-\) - i / ^ \\and,
3
4
I/1\:-rA\/"\acts r
Fig. 87. Karnab, Tell. Findings from period II. l-2 uneebrannter tone, 3 gypsums, 4 ceramics, 5-7 stones. 7-7 MI:4
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and öangali 7b7
O
2
It
@@ G'
";; OK'
I
d, iil\. of r' - l----lh o / University of Technology
6ä-t] @o \# U 6 \*-zv7
ffi18 m"
W
Abb.88. Karnab, Te1l. Frinde from PeriodelL l-2.6-8.11 ceramics, 3-b gypsum, 9-10 iron. l-2 M 2:3,
3-5.9-11 M 1: 2. 6-8 M I:.3.
$ 'i;
; Är
': 1\c;
v-. il
158 tins of cler Bronze Age in Central Asia I
23
Fig. 89. Karnab, Te1l. Plastic from the Periodcn II and l IIL of head ar.rs period II. 2 Statucte are rs of period Ill
3 statuettes ar.rs Pcriode II. Verschicdene NI.
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali 159
* *,--------loot
i:-il l: r1.: ', 1:I; T ri.
ijliiii '.i:i'zr
Fig. 90. Karnab, Te1l. A cut SI, plan of the period IIIa. B cut SI, plan of the period IIIb
160 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
Fig. 91. Karnab. A cut SI, plan of the period IIIc. B cut SI, findings 91 from period IIIb.
A
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali 161
I
Fig. 92. Karnab. Te1l. Findings from period III. 1-10 ceramics. M I:3
r62 tin of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
Fig. 93. Karnab. Tell. Findings from period III. 1-4 ceramics. M 1:3.
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali 163
/:} Il/1\Tl \o jU, o J l __::: j \-/U 2 \---l t-, 3 WW
Fig. 94. Karnab. Tel1. Findings from period III. 1-7 ceramics. 1-5.7 M 1:3, 6 M 1:4'
t64 tin of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
/\
- J
- 'V---\
()
() \
t\l __-/
1
ffiffi mm ffiffi t / LÄ\3 \; 'J4 \*-/1 5
\YJ
(r6
Fig. 95. Karnab, part. Findings from period T-2.7 IIL ceramics, 3-5 bones, 6 glasses. 1-2 M 2:3, 3-5 M 1:2,
6M1:1,7M1:10.
Siedlungsarchäoiogische researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Öangali 165
/ - \-/\/\i\/\11
/., $i, \l... \Iri... Är-'i \3
r\qll-nt \ilt WU
(-_, 1
Abb.96. Karnab, Tell. Findings from PeriodeIII. 1-4Stein, 5 ceramics. 7-2.4M t:3,3 M 2:3,5 m l:10
166 7, inn of the Rronzezeit in Central Asia I
Fig. 97. Karnab, TelI. Findings from horizon IV. 1-B ceramics. 1 M 2:3, 2-B M 1:3.
Siecllunssarchäoloeischc researches in the Umfelcl of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali 167
B
Fig. 98. Karnab, Tell. A cut SI, plan of the period \i R cut SI, Grzrbungssitu:rtion in Periorle \, r (r'on Osren).
A
$;
:.t:.at +, |:.,
168 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I/rcw, wq
2
W,
Fig. 99. Karnab, Tell. Findings from period V. 1-11 ceramics. M 1:3
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali 169
/l\lffii I w#l) 2
/-:: \",\-r\{\\*\ov-''/:6:6") \\/>')
/...: 1) d \./
1 t ll:r: - i/, I &$
Fig. 100.
Ä\
['o, i', i and the following' j \**; - '/-ry
/\/-a *'ll \\; - IN) V
Tell. Findings from PcriodeV.
I
Karnab,
14
1.6-14 Ceramics, 2 stones, 3-5 bones. 1 m 2:3,2.6-14 M I:3,
3-5 M 1:2.
170 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
Abl. 101.
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali l7I
Fig. 102. Karnab, Tell. A cut Sl, plan of the period VIc. B cut SI, finding situation in period \IIa
(from \\' Estonians).
t72 tin of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
0 =-:100t
Fig. 103. Karnab, Tell. Cut SII, plan of the period \| Ia.
-.-
. rrF. .:: ':'ii li:1.i:l
'til.:.'.]:ta:"; l.i:iil, tt
. i:. l.:l:r:.:ii:il i
rM * . OF.'.,'. _,
I
lir:i: Of 1 ".t'.
! ä!.; 1'n'rii--. "",
tii.'r:.::. l:
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali 173
Fig. 104. Karnab, Tell. Cut SII. Plan of the period VIb.
I
I
774 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
Fig. 105. Karnab, TeII. Cut SII, plan of the periods Wc Wed.
I
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali 175
w4 w,
; f-in '15
Fig. 106. Karnab, Tell. Findings from period \1. t-16 ceramics. 1-15 M I:3, 16 M 1:4.
176 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
Of K1' fi\2 WZ
ffi \\
\3,//, ffi \, 10 \c\\-.:.t: t I----T//) t "t lul,".*q $, 12
14
C:]
Fig. 107. Karnab, Tell. Findings from period \T. 1-18 ceramics. M I:3.
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali 177
ffi1 8
10
ffi \,/11
Fig. 108. Karnab, Tell. Findings from period \4. 1-11 ceramics. M 1:3.
178 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
3
4
Fig. 109. Karnab, Tel1. Findings from period \1. 1-O ceramics. 7-2.1-6 M 1: 3, 3 M I: 4.
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Öangali I79
Il 9 F1 \---J 12
Ahb. 1 10. Karnab. Tell. Findings from period VI. 1-12 ceramics. M I: 3
180 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
I
Fig. 111. Karnab, TelI. Findings from period \T. 1-4 ceramics. 1 M I:4, 2-4 M I:3.
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and cangali 181
)
t
Fig. 112. Karnab, Tell. Findings from Periode\4. l*9 ceramics. M I:3.
Fr
\\r r
) \/"
182 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
Fig. 113. Karnab, Tell. Findings from Periode\4 1-7 ceramics. M 1:3.
183
see
T
t
(N
! (
I
Fi
OJ
I
0r
f3
* LOE. acts
'-i
OF
Ji
CD
V
+
Ä
184 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
B
D
-l-l
II
! 8
Fig. 115. Karnab, Tell. Findings from period \, 'I. 1-B ceramics. M I: 3,
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali 185
/ tt:) \
Ioüo] \q/ll
(/', i91 l
\r-!-./
5
lA-6 t---\(# \*l
ffi o
/A\t (0lJ \-r'I V
11
) tr"
(l, ll
l1U1
K {ryb +,-?, PXE, 'Ti; \/l \A. | \tsttl L'L ' Ti \-*') - Ya*N> \Y/UI----' 2
*
Fig. 116. Karnab, Tell. FundeausPeriode\II. 1bronze, 2-13Keramik. 1-5M1:2,6-13M1:3.
186 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
; A\{-1 (and,) f.-,] V7U5
Abb.117. Karnab, Tell. Findings from Periode\T. t-3 unburnt tone, 4 stones, S-6 ceramics. 1-3.5-6 M 1:3,
4M1:6.
3
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Öangali 187
3
Fig. 118. Karnab, Teli. Findings from period \/I. 1-4 stones. M 1: 6.
188 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
4bb.119. Karnab, Tell. Cut SII, findings from the rubble horizon for period \{I. 1*9 ceramics. l-8 M 1:3,
9 M 1:4.
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali 189 WV:T4 w,
Fig. 120. Karnab, part. Cut SII, findings from the rubble horizon about PeriodeVI. l-12 ceramics. M 1:3.
190 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
7
Fig. 121. Karnab,Tell.SchnittSll,FundeausdemSchutthorizontüberPeriodeVI. 1-9Keramik. M1:3.
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali 191
) \I 7:-e-o*i\tl \\
U7
-, 1 x." nl
("of rq' \ll) No., / 10
N-0* \'7 \D [^ - __) Ll 11
I
Fig. 122. Karnab,Tell.SchnittSll,FundeausdemSchutthorizontüberPeriode \T. 1-11 ceramics. Ml:3
r92 tin of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
Ru
rc/ffi &! t \]/\3
\//'\v. \) \---\\-7 \Y-.-"in '12
Fig. 123. Karnab, Tell. Cut SII, findings from the rubble horizon for period VI. l-13 ceramics, 14 stones.
l-14 M I:3.
\
\l
AND, 13
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali 193
1 " j'a:-\. of r'!.
'i.-:.1; rj.l'l.; lr:r:f
Fig. 124. Karnab. Tell. A cut I, plan of the periods VII-UII. B findings from the periods VII (5 findings I, 276)
and \4II (1-3 findings l / 81.4 findings IIl95-98). l-b ceramics. M I:3.
\
\
\\
\\4
194 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
5
z-l> \
Zr., t + t \
(*t o; J \t0$:., a. Y
\a
.*q "ö":/
r lr / L_ / "\' r \-\-,----r - l-
Fig. 125. Karnab, Tell. FundeausPeriodeVII (BefundII / 101). 1-TKeramik. 1-6M1:3,7M2:3.
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali 195
U\'\\fl \. 1----'-\\Ü3
4
Fig. 126. Karnab, part. Findings from period \rII (findings Il / 170). l-5 ceramics. 1-4 M 1: 3, 5 M 1:4.
196 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I W,
. (\/r:T./; AJ vl. - le
Abb.727. Karnab, Tell. Findings from period \/II (findings IIl95-98). 1-6.8 ceramics, 7 stones, 9 glass pastes.
1-6.8 M 7:3, 7 M1: 6, 9 M 2: 3.
*
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Öangali lg7
/---, H.-------l I I: ' r \| I (', 1 t.', \| \[-r'\
I\, Uh-=*-_-\l
, 11
Fig. 128. Karnab, Tell. FundeausPeriode\rII (BefundI / 76). 1 8.10 11Keramik, 9bronze. 1-9M1:3,
10-11 M 1:4.
\\
lltil
, U7
\
)\
198 tins of the Rronz.ez.eit in Central Asia I
il
\l/
Fig. 129. Karnab, Tell. Findings from Periode\4II (findings l / 97). l-7 ceramics. M 1
\'>
\
\
\)
7
i).
t\
\\
\
\
4
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Öangali 1gg
rJ - i) _-O----<-J "o Oo" _, /'
Fig. 130. Karnab, Tell. Findings from period \IIII (findings l / 97\. 7-6 ceramics. M 1: 3

200 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
EXCAVATIONS IN KURGANEN WITH KARNAB
In the settlement chamber of Karnab became
a total of 56 Kurgane or Kurgangruppen
identifies. Because her time position
only super day was not to be verified,
became random check-like yier of these arrangements
untersu cht227.
KunceN KenNae A2B2
The Kurgan A2B2 discovered in 1998 to the north
from Karnab became in 1999 ausgegraben228.
The exposure occurred in four
5x5m to big cuts. The construction
Of hill let itself merely in the northwest one
Area as well as in the north arm and west arm
Of cross profile observe (fig. 132, A-B). Besides
if an external ring (drew itself more external
Dm B, B0-9,20 m) from 1,40-1,60-m width
to bright, loamy soil from (fig. 132, A. B 2),
in the profile as the second hill coat identifrziert
could become. To the centre
Health resort goose 0.80 m followed there in the Planum
wide stripe of darker grey-brown earth,
in the profile seemed embankment-like bulged
and possibly as an excavation from
the grave pit of a postfuneral zLr
indicate is (fig. 132.8 3). Within this
of embankment-like earth stripe found itself
brighter, loamy soils (of external Dm 4,00-
4.80 m) (fig. 132,4.8 2), probably
belonged to the older grave-mound and one
roughly rectangular, north-east southwest
straightened stone packet surrounded.
A single stone in the north-east quadrant
marked the entrance to the central grave arrangement
(Fig. 132, A; 133, A-C). From him
if 0,80-0,90 m breiteq level way ran
from 1.20-m length and 0.35-m depth up to
the north-east end of the stone packet, here
concluded by vertically standing stone records
was (fig. 133, A). The rectangular one
Stone packet (outside measurements l, B0x 3.20 m)
existed of bigger stones (0,40-1,00 m
Length) of different material (mainly
Sandstone conglomerates, distant limestones
and granite). At the southwest end one lay
big conglomerate record (0,80x1,00 m)
beyond the stone packet. The deck stones
were before the beginning of the excavation partially already
super day in the hill centre obviously.
There we bumped immediately under the grass scar
on fragments of a bulbous hand-made
Of vessel with easily ausbiegendem
Edge and inside weakly of gekehlter lip
(Fig. 134.4). At the north end of the stone packet
if standing stone records closed vertically
the entrance. The northwest walls and south walls
became from recumbent or on end to put ones
To stone blocks establishes. On the southeast side
if one had the uppermost stone situation in same one
Manner constructs.
Within the upper stone verge considered
itself the grave pit with circular
to rectangular plan (fig. 133.8). In
the stone in the north-east, that the entrance
pretended, closed in the direction of southwest directly
the first 0.50-m-long and 0.20 m
high step är, after two other ones
(L 0.58 m, H 0.33 m and L 0.60 m, H 28 m)
followed which led in the pit, those
Sole next 0.22 m deeper lay. Along that
Southeast side of the Grabsrube ran 0.43 m
about their sole a step of 0,55-
0.60-m width, up to the Oberkante of her
Pit (immediately under the upper stone verge)
with stones and pure, clayey one
Loam was added (fig. 133, A2.8).In
of the Grubenfullung single ones were found
small osseous fragments (foot and hand bone)
as well as an iron object with impressions
a Holzschäftung (fig. 135.12).
Three rested on the sole of the grave pit
Skeletons (2-4) in the anatomical association,
at the south end were the rests of two other ones
to a heap (1) pushed together
(Fig. 18, q. The skeletons 2-4
if one had straightened southwest north-east,
and the head pointed after southwest. They lay
outstretched on the back, the arms
just beside the body. Skeleton 2
(adult?) was in the west edge and Ske-
We thank for discussions and tips except the participants in the project also A. Druöinina, M. Isamiddinov,
B. MarSak, A. Najmark, R. Sulejmanov and L. Sverökov. The Umzeichnungen of the findings and findings
procured R. Boroffka.
The cut management was incumbent upon U. Brosseder and T. GüElütürk.
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Öangali 201
I
And the following; l; l r fll z trjffi j q
- l$m B
:;:tj:;:! r!) i;:irrllalJr:; lii:: see:: l - 0.10
2 harteq grey loess; 3 softy, darkness
I
I
0 t$m
A
Fig. 132. Karnab, Kurgan A282. PIan (A) and profiles (B). I humus;
brown earth.
lett 4 (adult?) in the east edge of the pit, skeleton
3 (children) between both was light
to the north shifted (fig. 133, C).
To the west of the washbasin of skeleton 3 bumped
we on a ring-shaped bronze buckle
with button of high standing (fig. 133, Cl8;
135,18). To the south of the head of skeleton 2
if 18.5-cm-high, more bulbous and stood one
disc-rotated jug of reddish tone
with deep brown varnish cover, one
Rib in the neck and easily eingesattelten
Handle (fig. 133, C2; 134.2). Below
of the handle one became before the fire
Brand carved. To the south of skeleton 3,
close in osseous heap 1, appeared
very worn osseous spoon (L 9.3 cm)
with uncompleted clutch (fig. 133, C1;
134,1). To the south of the head of skeleton 4 lay
a 7-cm-high disc-rotated bowl
of reddish tone with straight ground,
to funnel-shaped drag, slightly ribbed one
Bauchabsaa, to arched neck and circular one
Fiand (fig. 133, C3; 134.3).
Osseous heap 1 was at the south end of her
Grave pit pushed together and included
the Uberreste of at least two individuals
(two skulls) of an older, to one
later time aside to removed ones
Funeral (fig. 133, C). Because a part one
Backbone still in the anatomical association
was, the postfuneral (skeletons had to go
2-4) only few years after the first ones
Funeral have been introduced. On
to the osseous heap there lay a very corroded one
Iron dagger, in a wooden one
Scabbard gesreckt hame22s (fig. 133, C5;
202 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
o-__.----troot
Fig. 133. Karnab, Kurgan in 4282. Plans of the stone border (A), the grave pit with southeast wall (B) and her
Skeletal leftovers (C).
I ffi
\7
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Öangali
Fig. I34. Karnab, Kurgan A282. Findings from the burial chamber. I bones; 2-'1 ceramics. The numbering
entsprichtjener to aufdem grave plan (Abb.133, C). I M 1:2; 2-4M 1:3.
11
t\
t)
I]
\1
It'll
t1tJ 1
135,5). His two-edged blade with
to flachrhombischem cross section there are 18 cm
long and goes to a 1.2-cm-wide clutch
handle from inward to rolled ones
Aerials with round cross section passes.
In this osseous heap were found further
the rests of an other iron dagger
from approx. 20-cm length (fig. 133, C6; 135.6),
an iron thorn with impressions of a Holzschäftung
(Fig. 133, C13; 135.13), a massive one,
rectangular iron object (1,8x4,8 cm)
with rectangular cross section (fig. 133, C15;
135,15), fragments t'on to two small iron knives
(L 3.5 or 6.8 cm) (fig. 133, C14.16;
135,14.15), rests of five flatten, semicircular ones
Iron panels (I, 4=2,5 x 2,6-3,1 cm)
(Fig. 133, C7-11; 135.7-ll), maybe
have belonged to a scale tank
would be able, as well as a round, calotte-shaped
Trimming piece from bronze metal with two
to lateral connection holes and one
Decoration from a done hump row
along the edge (fig. 133, C17;
135,17).
22e suitable impressions were still to be recognised ar.rf to the iron.
201 tins of the Bronze Age in Wed. ttelasien I
Li'
liü
tr
#
, i6
\-* / '+ ^\z, _-------=
(...-OF =-')
<\---------i =
/-4, - *! ,#;:,.H '5 f--Yt-^; L-Y:l
./L - I - '\]. and the following, I
/:Jr_ - i.7-"frl l:". "a \; 1,
and the following, t1;;-:.: ':V, - * ü
\!, ia.:: _L_-:: t,
\l; tJ!/.l L9-t1J
V^r-and J)-?-. ^ a4 Eii6; d '-
1
/ "J
- 6: $\-\J) ö, l Klt \e:ö
C]
-z - 1:\(/,/r {'; approx. \\\\Tl] 'f) l il \\/, J and the following, l of \i l of Tl 18
tt ffin VW ü," |
-:-
Of 15 "lr-'
4bb.135. Karnab, Kurgan A282. Findings from the burial chamber 5-16 iron; 17-18 bronze. The numbering
entsprichtjener on the grave plan (fig. 133, C). 5-6 M 1:2; 7-IB M 2: 3.
f3g
/r.'d
FI'H
$, e
dfl
*
ffi
Where
12
11
13
ffi-) N
tl-# 14
47Ti
/:tllw
Irm
B
L-)
Settlement-archaeological researches in
For the grave form from Kurgan A2B2 from
Karnab delivers hill 9 of Agalyksaj one
of the nearest Parallelen230; also
there the grave pit pointed along sales
the Längsseite on, and a date
the 4./3 cent. B.C. probably
it can be made. The adjustment of her
Dead people after the south is from the graveyard
from Chasara bekannt231. The ceramic ones
Additions of the postfunerals (skeletons
2-4: Ikug, bowl with set off, arched one
Upper top) analogies find in population period
I of the Tells of Karnab as well as
in other simultaneous Plätzen23z. The time attempts
refer in each case the 4.-3 cent.
v. Chr. Also the handsemachte vessel from
such contradicts the hill coat
Datieruns not. Osseous spoons come
e.g., in the Prochorovka culture of the Volga
Of Urals area before. Besides, become types
with set off spoon trowel, to the being given one here
Piece (Ä00. 134.1) correspond, in
the 5.-3 cent. B.C. referred, during with
to younger forms the crossing of the handle
to the real spoon rather fluently. ist233.
Ring-shaped bronze buckles with lateral one
Ifuopf are since 6.] H. B.C. bekanntz3a,
Sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali 205
and the best analogies to our copy
(Fig. 135.18) from the Dnepr area
come, where they to the 4.-3 cent. B.C. assigned
werden235.
The findings of the aside removed ones
Burials (osseous heap 1) permits
also under typologischen points of view
a little older temporal classification. Iron knife,
Dagger, iron fragments and
Bronze trimming button are chronologically unproductive,
because she exactly determines either not
can become or long terms
aufitieisen. Iron daggers with aerial handle
were in the west since 6. Cent. B.C.
for longer time in Gebrauch236. From him
Central Asian area stand to ours
Piece the daggers from Chargu5 II, Kurgan 3,
and most near Os'muikina, in this
5.-3 cent. B.C. referred werden237. Concerning
of the possible scale tank
is to be emphasised, that Liwinskij though none
Tank from the iron-temporal Kurganen
of the Pamir knew, on the basis of news
of antique authors and findings neighbouring
Nevertheless, areas also goes out from the fact, that
in parts of Central Asia scale part cerium uses
wurden238. It are further western sol-
230 Litvinskij in 1986, 133.
? 3r Liwinskil in 1986, 133.
23? Erkurgan - 6.-4 cent. B.C. (tr4cavu44uuoe / Cy, reünrauoe in 1984, 38 fig. 18,4-6; 2 l; 60); Afrasiab -
3.-1 cent. B.C. (Ka6aHos 7973a, 59following fig. l3, l-2; lllzurxr4Ha among other things. In 1985, Taf. 130); Ibppkala - 4.-3 cent. B.C.
(llz, runxo/Korre^eHKo 1985, 221 Taf. 79).
233 Mo-r.oua 1,963.40following Taf.26, l-12; Cuupuon/flerpeuxo in 1964, 37Taf.22,19-22.24-25.27-28.
2'n This. lateral button can be formed passed away, often still an additional one is towards him in the ring
Device for the connection in the strap. Cf. CuapHoe/llerpeur la, rauuna 197 7, 46-50'taf, 27.17 (5. Cent. B.C.).
235 flerpeHno in 1967, 38; 109 Taf. 25,6-8. In the Central Asian space they are above all from Tagisken and Ujgarak
Precursor of the 7.-5 cent. B.C. with semicircular or U-shaped ring cross section and additional device
known for the strap connection. Tagisken: trIruualfli.t ortcxuft 1,997.61 fig. 6,1-2; 17, Il-12 22,78-19; 27,1.3;
30,3-4; 62,7-8; 76; Tulchar: Mau4e, nsrurau 1966B, 114following Trt.44,14.19.21; Ujgarak: Litvinskij in 1986, 122 (with ä1-
terer literature) fig. 28, A9-10; 29,86-7; 3 I, C4-5; 32, D12-13. An exact analogy stammr also from Kurgan
WII/grave 10 of Aruktau, TadZikistan (MaH4e, trurrau in 1975, 22Taf. 15.7), and is able in the time span from
3 cent. V. Chr.-2 cent. A.D. datiertwerden (MaH4e, rsurrau in 1975, 125following). Clearly late, the 1.-4 cent. A.D.,
if these graves with ÄIzrezHcxuir / Ce4os 1984, 134 become arranged.
2'u, Besides, the notebook form also plays an essential role. See in general Cuupnoe in 1961; Cnupuoe/llerpeuro
In 1964, 25 Taf. 11; Me, r.roxosa in 1964; CuuoHenxo 1984, Abb.5; Illparrano in 1986, 33 Abb.5,8-10. Moreover
Ökalouo - l of cent. V. Chr. l. Cent. A.D. (Cnuonenxo in 1984, 432-433 fig. 4); Novokievka - 5.-4 cent. B.C. (Eesoxuuon/
Myparan in 1984, 78 fig. 2.38).
237 Chargu5 II - ÄurezHcxufi 1968, 82 Taf. 2.8; Liwinskij in 1986, 45 fig. 9,7; Os'mu5kina - Cunpuoe in 1961, 19
Fig. 3,4. See still similar daggers in the area of Betkent - EM V Kurgane 21 and 37 (Me4ee4cxa.r
1,976,569; AureuHcxaü/CegoB 1984, Taf. 13,5-6), in 1.-2. Jh.n. Chr. datiertwerden (ÄurnrlncxIlü/
Ce4oe 1984, 734). Two other daggers of the same kind published Mauge, rr, rrlraur 1966B, 17; 46 Taf. 40,13-14 from
to the graves I, 21 and \4I, 14 of Tulchar and put them, quite right, in 2.-l. Cent. B.C. - even younger ones
Comparative malice from 2. Cent. V. Chr.-1 cent. A.D. if delivers Me4ee4cxax 1979.
238 Liwinskg in 1986, 48following - lihnliche tanks appear in Öirikrabat in Lake Aral in 4. Cent. B.C.: Tolstov in 1961,
76following Taf. 13, B.
206 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
che protective weapons in the steppe since him
6 cent. B.C. nachgewiesen23e.
From the observations can be concluded,
that Kurgan in 4282 from Karnab probably
sakischen" population in ZeravSan-
Valley may be assigned, without one
more exact ethnic interpretation would be possible.
Grave form and above all the still preserved ones
Findings lay a date in this
4.-3. Jlr. near B.C., and in the allocation
the grave pit of this health resort goose two phases
are to be distinguished: An older funeral
(Double grave?) belongs the aside pushed one
Osseous heaps 1 in, during
both Rückenstrecker as well as between
to them recumbent child northeast of it
slightly are younger. Largely is able
the temporal distance not have been,
because parts to the south edge to removed ones
Bones still in the anatomical association
lay. With the older funeral it would be able
have concerned a niche grave,
his entrance on the southeast side with stones
and loam was added. For the bringing into play
of the postfuneral this became
hard fastener then not again open,
but one laid besides a new one
Access in. The upper stone verge
would possibly be able also only for them
Postfuneral have been established.
KunceN KanNag-ABDURACHMAN Kvn in 4403
By the end of the campaign in 1997 examined
we on the farmland Abdurachman Kyr
(A403), approx. 11 km to the north-east of Karnab,
a burial chamber, by the pit house
a shepherd's station about 2 m under
the today's surface cut
wurdezaO. The roughly rectangular catacomb
(3,80x3,20m) with rounded ones
Corners the north south was aimed (fig. 136)
and does not fill. The weakly arched ones
Walls went over circularly in the cover,
the height of the chamber amounted to 1,50-1,60 m.
In the middle of the south side was to her
0.80-m-wide entrance, with a stone record
(H 1.25lli', B 1.00 m, Oberkante
2.00 m deep under the surface) closed
was. From here four steps led
from 0,15-0,20-m height in each case and 0.20 m
Width to the ground of the grave catacomb. In
of her southeast corner there stood a stage from
0.20-m height (fig. 136, C). Entlane of the west side
if another stage vorr applied
0, lB m of height, 2.75 Rn length and up to
0.80-m width (fig. 136.8). On the latter lay
three groups of bone, in each case with
to a skull, long bone and smaller one
To osseous fragments, to older funerals
might have belonged. From that
Northwest corner from stretched along that
North side to the east several groups
from osseous heap, also in each case
from skull, long bone and other one
Bones existently. These osseous heaps
presumably of older funerals became obvious
carefully aside removed, and
one the long bones folded up,
the skulls on it put and the smaller ones
Bone at the side besides had distributed.
Besides, all together became ten skulls and
eleven lower jaws (one of it from one
Child) counted. Between the input stair
and the southeast stage was found
a vascular shard, outside black gefirnißt,
with lateral notch and traces of a fire in
Insides (fig. 136.22; 137.22).
Possibly in the middle of the chamber they rested
both at last buried in the anatomical one
Connection. Both lay outstretched
on the back with the head in the east,
the skulls were deformed artificially. With
to the northern individual both were
Legs just outstretched, the arms easily
bent on the sides. In the right ones
We pushed hand into a bronze ring
(Fig. 136.16; 137, 16), to the north of the feet
if a bigger, disc-rotated vessel stood
with horizontal Rillenzier (fig. 136.23;
137,23). The southern skeleton was
slightly at an angle to the northern one. The legs were
a little bit spread, and to itself the right one
Foot in the western stage supported.
The right arm lay - easily bent -
about the left one of the northern skeleton.
The right arm was after the south verscho-
Radically 9epHeuxo 1968. See also llo, ruu in 1984 (Chersonesos-Krasnf
Cxopuü in 1984 (Central Europe from 6. Cent. B.C.).
With the excavation took among other things T. GüElütürk and S. Reinhold divide.
206 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia I
che protective weapons in the steppe since him
6 cent. B.C. nachgewiesen23e.
From the observations can be concluded,
that Kurgan A282 of Karnab probably
sakischen" population in Zerav5an-
Valley may be assigned, without one
more exact ethnic interpretation would be possible.
Grave form and above all the still preserved ones
Findings lay a date in this
4.-3 cent. B.C. the close, and in the allocation
the grave pit of this health resort goose two phases
are to be distinguished: An older funeral
(Double grave?) belongs the aside pushed one
Osseous heaps 1 in, during
both Rückenstrecker as well as between
to them recumbent child northeast of it
slightly are younger. Largely is able
the temporal distance not have been,
because parts to the south edge to removed ones
Bones still in the anatomical association
lay. With the older funeral it would be able
have concerned a niche grave,
his entrance on the southeast side with stones
and loam was added. For the bringing into play
of the postfuneral this became
hard fastener then not again open,
but one laid besides a new one
Access in. The upper stone verge
would possibly be able also only for them
Postfuneral have been established.
KunceN KanNIS-ABDURACHMAN Kvn, 4.403
By the end of the campaign in 1997 examined
we on the farmland Abdurachman Kyr
(A403), approx. I I km to the north-east of Karnab,
a burial chamber, by the pit house
a shepherd's station about 2 m under
the today's surface cut
wurde2aO. The roughly rectangular catacomb
(3,80x3,20lr": ') with rounded ones
Corners the north south was aimed (fig. 136)
and not verftillt. The weakly arched ones
Walls went over circularly in the cover,
the height of the chamber amounted to 1,50-1,60 m.
In the middle of the south side was to her
0.80-m-wide entrance, with a stone record
(H \, 25lr: ', B 1.00 m, Oberkante
2.00 m deep under the surface) closed
was. From here four steps led
from 0,15-0,20-m height in each case and 0.20 m
Width to the ground of the grave catacomb. In
of her southeast corner there stood a stage from
0.20-m height (fig. 136, C). Along the west side
if another stage from applied
0.18-m height, 2.75N length and up to
0.80-m width (fig. 136.8). On the latter lay
three groups of bone, in each case with
to a skull, long bone and smaller one
To osseous fragments, to older funerals
might have belonged. From that
Northwest corner from stretched along that
North side to the east several groups
from osseous heap, also in each case
from skull, long bone and other one
Bones existently. These osseous heaps
presumably of older funerals became obvious
carefully aside removed, and
one the long bones folded up,
the skulls on it put and the smaller ones
Bone at the side besides had distributed.
Besides, all together became ten skulls and
eleven lower jaws (one of it from one
Child) counted. Between the input stair
and the southeast stage was found
a vascular shard, outside black gefirnißt,
with lateral notch and traces of a fire in
Insides (fig. 136.22; 137.22).
Possibly in the middle of the chamber they rested
both zulelzt buried in the anatomical one
Connection. Both lay outstretched
on the back with the head in the east,
the skulls were deformed artificially. With
to the northern individual both were
Legs just outstretched, the arms easily
bent on the sides. In the right ones
We pushed hand into a bronze ring
(Abb.136,16; 137, 16), to the north of the feet
if a bigger, disc-rotated vessel stood
with horizontal Rillenzier (fig. 136.23;
137,23). The southern skeleton was
slightly at an angle to the northern one. The legs were
a little bit spread, and to itself the right one
Foot in the western stage supported.
The right arm lay - easily bent -
about the left one of the northern skeleton.
The right arm was after the south verscho-
Radically HepHeuxo 1968. See also flo, uru in 1984 (Chersonesos-Krasnf
Cxopr, rü in 1984 (Central Europe from 6. Cent. B.C.).
With the excavation took among other things T. GüElütürk and S. Reinhold divide.
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali
ben. In the area of the left hand was found
an iron ring (Äöö. 136.14; 137.14).
With the most southern osseous heap on
to the western stage we discovered one
fragmentary iron plate with rivet (perhaps.
Part of a tank) (Abb.136,15; 137.15).
In the middle osseous group of the western one
Of stage became during the excavation
Rests of bronze panel or copper panel
observed, diejedoch corrodes so strongly
were that they are not rescued
were able. To the northern ones belong an oval-cylindrical
Glass bead (fig. 136.2; 137.2)
and a small iron clutch hinge knife
(Fig. 136.17; 137.17). The bone before
to the middle area of the north face,
themselves do not divide into different groups.
leave, are the following Beigaberr zwztJordnen:
a disc-shaped glass bead
(Fig. 136.1; 137.1), a bowl-shaped silver coin
of the 4.-5 cent. A.D. (Fig. 136.4;
137,4) 24r, an iron ring fragment (fig.
135.8; 137.8) and parts of a hook-shaped
Of iron object (key?) (fig.
136.19; 137,19a-b). Between the Lansknochen
a group in the Ostend of the north face
if two small pots lay. Both are
rotated with disc and own one circularly
double-conical body, a curved one
Neck and ausbiegenden
Edge. The bigger chamber pot carries in the neck
a weak, horizontally running around rib
as well as a black varnish cover,
the lower part of the vessel not
more completely covers (fig. 136.21;
137,21). The ground shows tracks of departing
with a string. The smaller chamber pot
is tongrundig and points on the ground
a right-angled, fine scratch sign
on (fig. 136.20; 137.20). Under the bone
of the north-east corner we bumped into one
bowl-shaped silver coin of the 4.-5 cent.
A.D. (fig. 136.3; 137)) 242. To the most southern ones
Osseous group on the east wall
if several fragments of a Kupferoder belong
Of bronze panel (fig. 135,5-7; 137,5-7),
three iron ring fragments, perhaps from one
0 1, mm
Abb.136. Karnab-Abdurachman Kp, Kurgan A403.
Plan and profile of the catacomb grave. A ruined ones
Bones; B-C mucky stages.
Buckle (fig. 136,9-11; 137,9-17), an uncertain one
Iron fragment (Abb.136,13;
137,13) and an iron head of the arrow with three
To wings and an easy Schäftungsdorn
(Fig. 136.12; 137.12). The rests of an iron object
with level-convex to dreiekkigem
Cross section (sword?) (fig. 137,
lBa C) became at the beginning of the documentation
securely, without to itself her exact one
Situation in the burial chamber allowed to ascertain.
Exact analogies to the Grabform2a3 are
not to find in the literature, Katakomtnt
Cf. contribution A. Ch. AtachodZaev in this tape.
tnt Cf. contribution A. Ch. AtachodZaev in this tape.
znu Si.h. to antique and early-medieval graves in Central Asia in general ÄureuHcKuü 1972; Avrr'arrcxuit
l9TSa; AureuHcruü 1973B; Tpz aucxuirlCegoe in 1984; Litvinskij in 1986; O6ear.reHxo 1992, 109following; 3agHenpoectuü 1995; Arzrnrzucruü in 1995,
208 tins of the Bronze Age in Central Asia T
rflB r
IN '13
\-.-r-; tJ
- (J \V './
IF*.W / ='zFr>
|-----= - ffi ö14
Ru,
O
16
@
@0, G), c)) _-üu ffiü. ey
, *rfwfi. f%fi: ffi: '9 10 W-'1 1
WI
W,
Fig. 137. Karnab-Abdurachman
if that speaks on the plan (fig.
-12
Kyr, Kurgan A403. Findings from the catacomb grave. The numbering ent-
, 136). 1-2 glasses; 3-4 silver; 5-7.16 bronze; 8-15.17-19 iron; 20-23 ceramics.
1-17.19 m 2:3; 18.20-22 M I:3; 23 m i:6.
^---------1 l-\-
Settlement-archaeological researches in the sphere of Karnab, Lapas and Cangali
ben and niche graves were about long
Time away üblich2aa. Multiple funerals
though are known, nevertheless, meet
only seldom as numerously as here (at least
13 Individu.r-r) 245. The careful Stapelurrg
of the older funerals on the stages
bzrv. along the sides becomes nowhere else
mentions. The latest funerals occurred
thereby in the free-removed middle section of her
Chamber, during in other cases Uber-
Iagerungen and mixtures not seldom
sind2a6. The adjustment to the east fiedenfalls
with the both at last buried)
is at that time in Sogdien extensively üblich2 +
7.
The cranial deformation (tower skull)
lr, 'urde in Central Asia for very long time
therefore, away ausgetibt and permits neither
chronological still ethnic allocation"
nzno. The funerals are dated
by Mtinzfunde the 4.-5 cent. A.D.
The ceramic findings support this
Beginning; they find correspondences in him
Periods V-\lI of the Tells of Karnab. Also
the metal findings contradict this beginning
not: Iron or bronze rings
with sign were in the early-medieval
To graves and settlements of Central Asia
widespread and long in Gebrauchzae.
Ahnliches is valid for the remaining ones
Objects, how iron Schnallen250
dreiflügelige Pf'eilspiän "l.ir.r.n".raig.
Schwerter25z and easy Eisenmesserz53.
More seldom appear against it keys or
Panzerteile25a. Glass beads most different
Forms are very numerous again and
langlebig255.
KuncaN KqnNae 4006

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